Sandstorms and dust

A dust storm can turn a clear afternoon orange in minutes. For most people it is unpleasant rather than dangerous, but for anyone with asthma or allergies, or anyone driving, it needs a plan.

Why dust matters for your health

• WHO says dust storms raise levels of particulate matter in the air, and are a growing concern mainly for breathing and heart conditions.
• WHO notes that dust can travel more than 1,000 km from where it started.
• The Abu Dhabi Public Health Centre said exposure to sand and dust could be harmful to everyone, and named people with asthma, COPD, heart disease, rhinitis, sinusitis or conjunctivitis, plus infants, children and older people, as especially vulnerable (The National, 2022).

At home during a dust storm

• Keep doors and windows tightly shut so dust does not get in (Emirates Health Services, via Gulf News; Al Dhafra Municipality, via Khaleej Times).
• Avoid going outdoors, especially when winds are strong or visibility is poor (Emirates Health Services).
• If you must go out, wear a face mask or cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth, and replace it regularly (Emirates Health Services).
• Protective glasses help shield your eyes (Emirates Health Services).
• Wipe surfaces and change your AC filter more often after dusty spells; ask building management if the filter is theirs to change.

If you have asthma or allergies

• Take your medicines and inhalers as your doctor prescribed (Emirates Health Services).
• A pulmonary consultant quoted by The National advised carrying your inhaler at all times and seeking help if breathing becomes difficult.
• Warning signs he described: more coughing, more phlegm and chest tightness.
• If allergy or breathing symptoms appear, go to the nearest health centre (Emirates Health Services). Call 998 if someone is struggling to breathe.
• If you have a lung condition, ask your doctor for a written plan before the dusty season.

Driving or travelling in dust

• Keep car windows closed and use the AC on internal air (recirculation) rather than outside air (Emirates Health Services).
• Visibility can drop sharply; one 2021 Abu Dhabi warning said below 2,000 metres in some areas (Al Dhafra Municipality, via Khaleej Times). Slow down and leave a bigger gap.
• If you do not need to travel, wait until it clears.
• Follow forecasts and warnings from the National Centre of Meteorology and official channels only.

Poor air quality abroad

• In the UK, the government forecasts air pollution up to 5 days ahead using the Daily Air Quality Index, from 1 (low) to 10 (very high) (UK Government, Prepare).
• On high or very high days, reduce your exposure, and if you have a heart or lung condition, adapt hard outdoor exercise and follow your asthma action plan (UK Government, Prepare).
• Most other countries have an official air quality app or website. Find yours when you arrive.