Titles and forms of address

Using the right title shows respect and preparation. Getting it wrong is rarely a disaster, but getting it right is noticed.

Everyday titles

• Mr for men; Ms for women when you do not know their preference (Mrs and Miss are used when the person uses them).
• Use the title with the surname: 'Mr Khan', never 'Mr Ahmed' if Ahmed is his first name, unless that is how he introduces himself.
• Use first names only when invited to, or when the person introduces themselves that way.

Academic titles

• Write 'Dear Dr Smith' or 'Dear Professor Smith'.
• Never say 'Professor' plus a first name, and do not use 'Doctor' without a surname in writing.
• If a tutor signs their emails with only their first name, that usually means you may use it. Until then, stay formal.
• People with a PhD are addressed as Doctor plus their name, just like medical doctors.

Senior officials

• Ambassadors and ministers are styled 'His/Her Excellency' (HE) in many countries, including the UAE.
• Gulf royal and ruling-family titles (Sheikh, Sheikha, Your Highness) are covered in the Emirati Etiquette module.

When you are unsure

• Ask: 'How would you like me to address you?' is always polite.
• Listen to how others address the person, and copy the most formal version.
• Err on the formal side. It is easy to relax later; it is awkward to go back.